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If you do smoke, do it very, very sparingly

Today fewer than 17% of people smoke

In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed the association between smoking and the occurrence of HUA by retrospectively analyzing cases of patients who were not diagnosed with HUA at baseline during at least 2 hospitalizations in Dalian Municipal Central Hospital between 1 January 2010 and 1 January 2021, and grouped them according to different smoking status and smoking index at baseline, to clarify whether smoking was an independent influencing factor for the occurrence of HUA

This study projects health and disparity impacts for several decades into the future, yet over time, populations are likely to shift along with the communities that meet the criteria to be categorized as a disadvantaged community