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Serum B12 above 300 pg/mL is often interpreted as normal (6) Serum B12 levels between 200 and 300 pg/mL are considered borderline (in which case further enzymatic testing may be helpful for diagnosis) (6) Enzymatic testing: serum levels of MMA and homocysteine should both be elevated if B12 deficiency is present

Regulatory framing in the EU and US None of the three peptides in the Glow Stack are approved drug substances for human therapeutic use in the European Union or the United States

Additionally, B12 helps lower homocysteine levels, which may reduce the risk of heart disease, heart attacks, and strokes

Additionally, vegans or vegetarians, who may not obtain sucient B12 from their diet, and individuals with specic neurological symptoms or conditions might also consider this form of supplementation.